Though recently retired, I continue with an active research involvement as Professor Emeritus and Research Professor. My interests are primarily involved in the study of hearing by aquatic organisms, and particularly by fishes. However, over the years, my interests have transitioned from a focus on the structure, function, and evolution of hearing to my current focus on the effects of man-made noise in the aquatic environment on animals. This has resulted in a series of recently-published studies that have explored behavioral and physiological effects of increased ambient sounds on fish, including effects of very high level sounds produced by methodologies used in the exploitation of off-shore energy exploration and production. My specific current interests include understanding soundscapes and how alternations in soundscapes resulting from human activities ranging may impact the behavior and physiology of aquatic organisms. I am also involved in working with various groups in developing guidelines for the protection of aquatic organisms exposed to high levels of sound.